FMR33AB This course examines economic crimes鈥攎oney laundering (placement, layering, integration), insider trading, market abuse, tax evasion/facilitation, fraud and bribery鈥攆rom South African and international perspectives. It explains how financial firms and products can be exploited (Ponzi schemes, offshore structures, boiler rooms), the role of predicate offences, and the different detection and enforcement tools and legal definitions across jurisdictions. It also covers international frameworks and agencies (FATF, UNODC, IMF, World Bank), mutual legal assistance, extradition and the practical challenges of cross-border cooperation and jurisdictional differences. The course also focuses on prevention and governance: directors鈥� and senior management responsibilities, the role of MLROs/compliance functions, risk-based customer due diligence (including PEPs and sanctions screening), transaction monitoring, beneficial ownership checks, audit oversight, and staff training. Emphasis is placed on how robust corporate governance, internal controls, and international cooperation reduce a firm鈥檚 exposure to reputational, operational, and regulatory risks.